Integrated circuits are referred to as ICs, chips, or microchips. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip replaces the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. Integrated circuits has many features such as mass production capability, reliability, and building-block approach to circuit design, which makes the adoption of standardized ICs in place of designs using discrete transistors. Integrated circuits can be classified into analog, digital and mixed signal (both analog and digital on the same chip). The manufacturing process includes fabrication, packaging and chip.